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Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersIV. (1) Locks.--Heb., tsammah, only besides in Song of Solomon 6:7 and Isaiah 47:2. The derivation, and the existence of cognate Arabic words, leave no doubt that it means veil. So, in Isaiah 47:2, the LXX. understood it, though here they have given the strange and meaningless translation, "out of thy silence," which the Vulg. has still further mystified into "from that which lies hid within," a rendering which has been a fruitful source of moral allusion to the more hidden beauties of the soul. If the veil was worn in ancient times in Palestine, as by Eastern ladies now, covering the lower part of the face, but allowing the eyes to be seen, the description is very appropriate. That appear.--Marg., that eat of; Heb., galash: only here and in the corresponding passage, Song of Solomon 6:5. The word has had a variety of most contradictory interpretations. The Authorised Version follows the LXX., and has the support of Ewald's great authority. The marginal eat of rests only on the existence of cognates in Syriac and Arabic = obtained, collected (see Lee's Heb. Dict.), which would rather point to such a rendering as, "which they obtain from mount Gilead." The Vulg., qu? ascenderunt, is followed by some commentators, though the bulk give the exactly opposite: "come down," or "run down," or "hang down from." In such a difficulty only the context can decide, and any translation suggesting the dark hair flowing in masses round the shoulders is allowable. At the same time, from a tendency of the author to accumulate, and sometimes to confuse, his figures (Song of Solomon 4:12; Song of Solomon 4:15, Song of Solomon 5:12-13), probably here it is the long, soft, delicate, generally black hair of the Oriental goat which is compared to that of the lady, as well as the general appearance presented by the whole flock suspended on the mountain side. . . . Pulpit CommentaryVerse 1. - Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thine eyes are as doves behind thy veil; thine hair is as a flock of goats, that lie along the side of Mount Gilead. We commence, at this verse, the loving converse of the bridegroom with the bride, which we must suppose is heard as they travel together in the bridal procession. The words of adoring affection are chiefly spoken by the bridegroom, as is natural in the circumstances, and the reference to the journey, and its consummation in ver. 8, make it certain that the intention is to carry us in thought to the palanquin and the breathings of first love in bridal joy. The poetry is exquisite and truly Eastern, while yet absolutely chaste and pure. The praise of the eyes is common in all erotic poetry. Her eyes gleam, in colour, motion, and lustre, like a pair of doves from behind the veil; showing that the bride is thought of as travelling. The bride was always deeply veiled (see Genesis 24:65), as the Roman bride wore the velum flamineum. The LXX. have mistaken the meaning, rendering, ἐκτὸς τῇς σιωπήσεώς. The veil might typify silence or reserve, but the word is tsammah, which is from a root "to veil," and is righty rendered by Symmachus κάλυμμα. The hair was long and dark, and lay down the shoulders uncovered and free, which added much to the graceful attraction of the bride. In later times it was customary for the hair to be adorned with a wreath of myrtle or roses, or a golden ornament representing Jerusalem. The goats in Syria and the neighbouring countries are mostly black or dark brown, while the sheep are white. Delitzsch says, "A flock of goats encamped upon a mountain (rising up, to one looking from a distance, as in a steep slope and almost perpendicularly), and as if hanging down lengthwise on its sides, presents a lovely view adorning the landscape." It would be especially lovely amid the romantic scenery of Gilead. The, verb rendered "lie along" is otherwise taken by the LXX., ἀπεκαλύφησαν, and by the Vulgate ascenderunt. The rabbis differ from one another in their renderings. One says, "which, look, down;" another, "make bare," "quit," or "descend;" another, "are seen." The modern translators vary. Luther says, "shorn;" Houbigant, "hang down;" Kleuken and Ewald, "shows itself;" Gesenius and others, "lie down;" Ginsburg, "rolling down," "running down." Our Revised Version gives, lie along, which is a very probable meaning. The reference is to the luxuriance and rich colour of the hair. Gilead would be a recollection of the bride's native place. Parallel Commentaries ...HebrewHowהִנָּ֨ךְ (hin·nāḵ)Interjection | second person feminine singularStrong's 2005: Lo! behold!beautiful [you are],יָפָ֤ה (yā·p̄āh)Adjective - feminine singularStrong's 3303: Fair, beautifulmy darling!רַעְיָתִי֙ (ra‘·yā·ṯî)Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singularStrong's 7474: A female associateHowהִנָּ֣ךְ (hin·nāḵ)Interjection | second person feminine singularStrong's 2005: Lo! behold!very beautiful!יָפָ֔ה (yā·p̄āh)Adjective - feminine singularStrong's 3303: Fair, beautifulYour eyesעֵינַ֣יִךְ (‘ê·na·yiḵ)Noun - cdc | second person feminine singularStrong's 5869: An eye, a fountainare [like] dovesיוֹנִ֔ים (yō·w·nîm)Noun - feminine pluralStrong's 3123: A dovebehindמִבַּ֖עַד (mib·ba·‘aḏ)Preposition-mStrong's 1157: In up to, over against, at, beside, among, behind, foryour veil.לְצַמָּתֵ֑ךְ (lə·ṣam·mā·ṯêḵ)Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singularStrong's 6777: (woman's) veilYour hairשַׂעְרֵךְ֙ (śa‘·rêḵ)Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singularStrong's 8181: Hairis like a flockכְּעֵ֣דֶר (kə·‘ê·ḏer)Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular constructStrong's 5739: An arrangement, musterof goatsהָֽעִזִּ֔ים (hā·‘iz·zîm)Article | Noun - feminine pluralStrong's 5795: Female goatstreaming downשֶׁגָּלְשׁ֖וּ (šeg·gā·lə·šū)Pronoun - relative | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralStrong's 1570: To reclineMountמֵהַ֥ר (mê·har)Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructStrong's 2022: Mountain, hill, hill countryGilead.גִּלְעָֽד׃ (gil·‘āḏ)Noun - proper - feminine singularStrong's 1568: Gilead -- a region in Palestine, also the name of several IsraelitesLinksSong of Solomon 4:1 NIVSong of Solomon 4:1 NLTSong of Solomon 4:1 ESVSong of Solomon 4:1 NASBSong of Solomon 4:1 KJVSong of Solomon 4:1 BibleApps.comSong of Solomon 4:1 Biblia ParalelaSong of Solomon 4:1 Chinese BibleSong of Solomon 4:1 French BibleSong of Solomon 4:1 Catholic BibleOT Poetry: Song of Solomon 4:1 Behold you are beautiful my love (Song Songs SS So Can)
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